Monday, August 4, 2025

Honoring Atlanta Fire Rescue Chief William H. Hamer

                                                            
 William H. Hamer          
City of Atlanta Fire Rescue Chief 
December 12, 1938  -   July 10, 2025

by C. Henry Adams

Growing up on Hermer Circle NW in Atlanta, Georgia in the 1970s, 1980s & 1990s, I knew little about the Hamer Family that was located around the Circle from my home.  Except there was Mr. Hamer, Mrs. Hamer and there (3) three Sons.

However, before I was born or even heard of..., Mr. William H. Hamer became one of (16 ) African American Atlanta Fire Rescue Fighters in the State of Georgia in 1963.   

The First Male African American Fire Rescue Fighters for the City of Atlanta, Georgia in 1963

1) J. Belcher
2) F. Bolden
3) H. Bowden
4) W. Callier
5) T. Ector
6) W. Hamer
7) M. Harp
8) G. Jordan Jr
9) R. Lester
10) J. Maddox
11) E. Morrow
12) M. Reed
13) Q. Redding
14) H. Rosemond
15) E. Smith
16) R. Ware

By the year of 1977, (7) seven African American Women became City of Atlanta Fire Rescue Fighters:
  • 1) Lisa Bradley
    2) Sheila Callaway
    3) Louvenia Jenkins
    4) Janice Jones
    5) Sheila Kirkland
    6) Emma C. Morris
    7) Liz R. Summers 

Within the Kevin Heights Neighborhood, where I grew up with the Hamer Family; (6) six of my friends were likely inspired by Chief William Hamer.  Why do I say that?   
Well, they became Fire Rescue Fighters too.



       










     Brian Oneil Johnson
July 14th 1968 -  May 19th 2025
  City of Atlanta Fire Rescue Department







1)  Brian Johnson - City of Atlanta Fire Rescue Department
2)  William Bivins III - City of Atlanta Fire Rescue Department
3)  Derrick Jones - City of Atlanta Fire Rescue Department
4)  Stanley Creech - City of Atlanta Fire Rescue Department
5)  Pat Hardy  -  Fulton County Fire Rescue Department
6)  Captain William Pearson - City of Atlanta Fire Rescue Department




C. Henry Adams & Captain William Pearson 


I recently had the opportunity to briefly interview Captain William Pearson by text message, here is a brief discussion:

C. Henry Adams:   Do you remember meeting the Chief growing up on Hermer Circle since you lived two houses away from the Hamer Family?

Captain William Pearson:   I had a very great relationship with him and his family.  I knew his wife and all 3 Sons .

The exact total number of African American Atlanta Fire Rescue Fighters since 1963 and 1977 is not publicly available.  However, the struggles and obstacles faced by these Fire Rescue Fighters who served the Citizens of Atlanta , Georgia and the People of the World within this region will not go unnoticed.

Mr. Hamer became the first African American Fire Rescue Chief in 1985 for the City of Atlanta, Georgia.

We salute Chief William H. Hamer , well done, Sir!   Thank you for your service, guidance and motivation!







Sphere: Related Content

Monday, July 21, 2025

Blasting Granite on the West Interchange of Metro Atlanta





On the afternoon of July 16th 2025, I received an email from the Georgia Department of Transportation regarding the West Interchange of I-285 & I-20 to which I have been very familiar with for 55 years.

The email was informing the public of slowed traffic due to controlled blasting.

This passage area ( West Interchange) gives way bidirectional to and from Fulton to Cobb Counties in the northwestern portion of the State of Georgia, USA.

Georgia in this region is very hilly.  The hills consist of a stone or mineral called granite.  





On many streets throughout Atlanta, Georgia; you might find a stone align with the street.  This stone is often made of granite and called a “curb stone”.

The stone is not actually curb, but it is at 2 - 3 foot tall roughly 6 inches wide and can extend 10 to 12 feet long.




When the Curb Stone is buried next to the paved street or road, it appears only inches above ground.  

Nevertheless, there is a large hill of solid granite that must be removed to improve the West Interchange.




I am not an engineer, but if you look carefully while going north on I-285 to I-20 east exit , granite is underneath the over grown vegetation at the West Interchange.

The Georgia Department of Transportation has made plans to better serve the increased number of vehicles traveling the West Interchange.

To do so, I guess they must remove some granite or make ready the grounds for consideration of construction.  Well, these are our thoughts, what say you?


Sphere: Related Content

Monday, July 14, 2025

It Can Be Illegal To Drive A Vehicle With A Cracked Windshield In The State Of Georgia



by C. Henry Adams



Georgia Code  40-8-73 (2024) Windshields, windows and windshield wipers 

In the State of Georgia, it is illegal to drive with a cracked windshield if the damage impairs the driver's vision or exceeds certain size limits. Specifically, a starburst or spiderweb crack larger than three inches by three inches is prohibited. Additionally, cracks that obstruct the driver's line of sight, or multiple cracks within a certain proximity to each other, are also illegal.

To replace windshields and auto glass, call  Anthony at 678-886-7837.

Tell him ‘Chris’ C. Henry Adams shared your business to avoid Georgia Code 40-8-73!






Sphere: Related Content

Monday, January 6, 2025

President Jimmy Carter 1924 - 2024






by C. Henry Adams - commentator  &  Jimmy Carter From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

On Monday January 6th 2025, I arrived at the King Memorial MARTA Station in Atlanta, Georgia to an awaiting charter bus. The bus would drive all visitors seeking to view the US Flag draped casket of the 39th US President,  Jimmy Earl Carter Jr. which was located in the Carter Presidential Center.

Who was President Jimmy Earl Carter Jr?
 

Mr. Carter was the Son of Peanut Farmer.  He finish high school in 1941, he started undergraduate coursework in engineering at Georgia Southwestern College in nearby Americus, Georgia. The next year, Carter transferred to the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Georgia. While at Georgia Tech, Carter took part in the Reserve Officers' Training Corps. In 1943, he received an appointment to the Naval Academy from U.S. Representative Stephen Pace, and Carter graduated with a Bachelor of Science in 1946.

While at the academy, Carter fell in love with Rosalynn Smith, a friend of his sister Ruth. The two wed shortly after his graduation in 1946, and were married until her death on November 19, 2023.  He graduated 60th out of 821 midshipmen in the class of 1947 with a Bachelor of Science degree and was commissioned as an ensign.

From 1946 to 1953, the Carters lived in Virginia, Hawaii, Connecticut, New York, and California, during his deployments in the Atlantic and Pacific fleets.

Carter father died of pancreatic cancer in July of 1953. Carter obtained a release from active duty so he could take over the family peanut business. Carter left active duty on October 9, 1953.He served in the inactive Navy Reserve until 1961 and left the service with the rank of lieutenant.

After debt settlements and division of his father's estate among its heirs, Jimmy inherited comparatively little. For a year, he, Rosalynn, and their three sons lived in public housing in Plains. Carter was knowledgeable in scientific and technological subjects, and he set out to expand the family's peanut-growing business. Transitioning from the Navy to farming was difficult as his first-year harvest failed due to a drought, and Carter had to open several bank lines of credit to keep the farm afloat. Meanwhile, he took classes and studied agriculture while Rosalynn learned accounting to manage the business's books. Though they barely broke even the first year, the Carters grew the business and became quite successful.

By 1961, Carter began to speak more prominently of integration as a member of the Baptist Church and chairman of the Sumter County school board.  In 1962, he announced his campaign for an open Georgia State Senate seat 15 days before the election. Rosalynn, who had an instinct for politics and organization, was instrumental to his campaign. While early counting of the ballots showed Carter trailing his opponent, Homer Moore, this was later proven to be the result of fraudulent voting. The fraud was found to have been orchestrated by Joe Hurst, the chairman of the Democratic Party in Quitman County. Carter challenged the election result, which was confirmed fraudulent in an investigation. Following this, another election was held, in which Carter won against Moore as the sole Democratic candidate, with a vote margin of 3,013 to 2,182.

1970 gubernatorial election, liberal former governor Carl Sanders became Carter's main opponent in the Democratic primary.

Carter was sworn in as the 76th governor of Georgia on January 12, 1971.

On December 12, 1974, Carter announced his presidential campaign at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C.

On July 15, 1976, Carter chose U.S. senator Walter Mondale as his running mate.

Jimmy Carter From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



 
 
 
This somber occasion was well planned and appear to give a brief tour of the City of Atlanta while preceding to it's destination ( The Carter Presidential Center) . As a citizen of this area (Metro Atlanta) , I realized that my visit was unique and historical in itself. Fore, it would allow me try and grasp the understanding of one man who served his people, the community and the World.


Jimmy Carter accomplished the following things:

* Became the 39th President of the United States of America

* Became the 76th Governor of the State of Georgia

* Became an Officer in the United States Navy, rank of 
lieutenant.

* Became a student in the United States Naval Academy

* Became a student at
Georgia Institute of Technology

* Became a student at
Georgia Southwestern College
 
*  Wrote 30 books that were Best Sellers

*  2002 Nobel Prize Winner

*  a Great Grand Father during his life time

*  Sunday School Teacher

President Carter's dedication to eradicating Guinea worm disease (dracunculiasis)

*  Educator at
Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia

Carter life story has inspired many through out the entire World ,fore it has been written in at least 158 languages.






For instance, did you not know that the Carter Presidential Center was located on the Hurt Family Plantation?


Augustus Hurt


Augustus Hurt (1830-1921) was a prominent cotton broker in Atlanta, Georgia in the 1860s and 1870s. Hurt built a two-story, white-washed, wooden plantation house with a double porch on the crest of a hill in 1858. Hurt's family abandoned the house when the Civil War began and moved to a safer area. During the Battle of Atlanta, General Sherman used the house as a temporary headquarters. The house was later occupied by Dr. Shon and Thomas C. Howard, who ran the Clear Creek Distillery.  Poncyhighland.org  & Atlanta Freedom Trail

Augustus Fletcher Hurt was one of the Cotton Brokers in the 19th Century. He lived to be one of the oldest graduates of Emory College, now Emory University. At the age of 92, he was a member of the Class of 1851 at Emory College.  He was the son of Joel Hurt and Martha Hurt. His Siblings consist of Joel Early Hurt; Mary Elizabeth Hurt and George McIntosh Troup Hurt.

According to Brown Brothers Harriman which was established over 200 years ago, the Cotton Belt which included the State of Georgia 
dominated the global economy in the early 19th century.

Once we arrived at the entrance to the
Carter Presidential Center, we were directed by volunteers up a hill to tents maintain by Police Officers & Federal Government Officials.  We were told to cut off our cellular phones and we could not take pictures beyond that point once we entered the facility.

Entering the doors, we literally step into the Museum of the 39th President Jimmy Earl Carter Jr. 1977 - 1981.





At the end of the tour or closing years as a President of the United States, we encountered the late President Jimmy Earl Carter Jr. remains placed in a casket covered by the American Flag and guarded by a Marine, Sailor, Soldier, Coast Guard and Air-force.





 

 
 
 
If you, your family or community have not visit the Carter Presidential Center, please take a moment out of your busy schedule to do so. Thanks!

So, what are your thoughts?   Please make a comment via  voice mail or text message.

Call or text message us @ (404) 348- 8319

Please continue to stay safe and be blessed.


Works Cited


Brown Brothers Harriman | Capital Partners, Investor Services
Headquarters: New York, NY
Founder: W. Averell Harriman
Subsidiaries: Brown Brothers Harriman (Luxembourg) S.C.A.
Founded: January 1, 1931, New York, NY

Georgia Historical Society
Augustus Hurt Plantation Marker
Identification of Markers found on Carter Presidential Center

Jimmy Earl Carter, Jr.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter
Written in 158 Languages
Wikipedia.org






http://chenryadams.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default?alt=rss

C. HENRY ADAMS BLOGS syndicated content powered by FeedBurner.



Sphere: Related Content

Friday, January 3, 2025

Thank You Former Georgia Senator Vincent Fort

 

by C. Henry Adams

On the morning of Friday, January the third (3rd) 2025, I had the opportunity to pay my respect to Former Georgia Senator Vincent Fort.  Vincent Fort was placed to lie in state at Atlanta City Hall complex ahead of his funeral on Saturday, January 4th 2025. He served as a member of the Georgia State Senate for part of Fulton County in the 39th district from 1996 to 2017.  His district included Atlanta and East Point, Georgia.


It is said that Senator Fort was also an Instructor at Morris Brown College & Morehouse College.  I personally observed the Senator participating in local meetings & events in East Point, Georgia. As a
Georgia legislator, he was considered a ‘People’s Person.’






According to Wikipedia, 
Fort was born in New Britain, Connecticut on April 28, 1956. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree in American history from Central Connecticut State College and a Master of Arts in African American history from Atlanta University.

Fort was the first author of Georgia's predatory lending law, which, until replaced by a measure written by US Congressman Tom Price. His legislation to fight predatory lending has been recognized by the national media as a model that could have helped reduce the severity of the 2008 financial crisis.

Thank you Former Georgia Senator Vincent D. Fort for your services.  Rest in peace.

So, what are your thoughts?   Please make a comment via  voice mail or text message.

Call or text message us @ (404) 348- 8319

Please continue to stay safe and be blessed.




http://chenryadams.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default?alt=rss

C. HENRY ADAMS BLOGS syndicated content powered by FeedBurner.


Sphere: Related Content

Thursday, December 12, 2024

With Love Ola Elementary School Girls / Boys Club Shared Thanksgiving Dinner with the Homeless






by C. Henry Adams

 On Saturday night of November 23rd 2024,  a group of Homeless People located at an Emergency Homeless Center in Clayton County, Georgia experienced the joy of growing children helping those of us in need. In prayer, we thanked our God for the food received that night to nourish our bodies physically, mentally & spiritually.






During the course of the event, we were blessed to interview Dr. Angela Cunard. She is the ESE IRR Teacher-Grade Chair of Henry County Georgia Cohort of Leaders.

1)  Could you tell us your name and the name of the organization or organizations represented here?

Dr. Angela Cunard -  Sharon Church and Ola Elementary Boys and Girls Clubs





2)  Thanksgiving in America is a loving & sharing time of the seasons.  How did Ola Elementary School  Girls / Boys Club learn of the shelter & what compels the children to give of themselves?

Dr. Angela Cunard -  As a member of Sharon Church, I have been serving at Calvary Refuge for over six years. This year, our clubs at Ola Elementary wanted to serve our community and thought this would be a great way for our students to be a part of such a wonderful experience.




 
 
 
 
3)  What did the children of the Girls / Boys Club of Ola Elementary School  Henry County, Georgia take away from their experience?


Dr. Angela Cunard -  After conversing with several students regarding their experience at the shelter, students showed a great deal of compassion. They asked if they could help in other ways for the shelter and if we could do this again. A particular student stated she was very moved by the other children she could talk to one-on-one with. This experience was very eye-opening to the world around them and why it is important to offer a helping hand to those around us that may be struggling.

If you never had the opportunity to raise a child to an adult, perhaps, you might not understand. Love conquers all,  correction unconditional love conquers all. To see Elementary School Children alone with their Parents, Guardians,  and Teachers serve a meal is a great healing feeling.  It shows you that not all people in the World are filled with carelessness.

So, what are your thoughts?   Please make a comment via  voice mail or text message.

Call or text message us @ (404) 348- 8319

Please continue to stay safe and be blessed.




http://chenryadams.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default?alt=rss

C. HENRY ADAMS BLOGS syndicated content powered by FeedBurner.


Sphere: Related Content

Sunday, November 3, 2024

According to the U.S. Veteran Administration, I am not a U.S. Veteran with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder


 

 by C. Henry Adams

I was in the U. S. Veteran Administration Hospital seeking help with my situation.

I gave an Oath to the United States of America to serve, protect and defend the United States of America against all Foreign & Domestic Enemies.

According to the U. S. Veteran Administration, I am not a U.S. Veteran.  The U. S. Veteran Administration states that if you did not serve 2 years on active duty,  then you are not eligible to be considered a U.S. Veteran.

* Following the death of my father, Marion Lewis Adams, Sr., I received my 1st  DD214 Honorable Discharge in 1995

It does not matter if I trained & became a United States Marine in 180 days, whereas, I finished Boot Camp at Parris Island, South, Carolina, then went to Combat Training School in North, Carolina.

It does not matter if I trained in Meridian, Mississippi in 1995 to become a 6672 Aviation Supply Clerk.

It does not matter if I graduated from Aviation Supply School, then was assigned to Naval Air Station Atlanta from 1995 until 2003 as a Reservist.

It does not matter if I was serving as a U.S. Marine Reservist, while working for  GC Technologies fixing / creating Fiber Optical Couplers.

It does not matter if I  worked for the Georgia Department. of Transportation during the 1996 US Olympics as a Highway Emergency Response Operator.

It does not matter if I worked for the Dekalb County Sheriff Department as a Special Deputy or Detention Officer.

* In the year of  2003,  I received the 2nd DD214 Honorable Discharge after leaving IRR.

It does not matter if I risked my life and thought that I suffered post traumatic stress disorder as a result of becoming a U.S. Marine while working at  the Georgia Department of Transportation and the Dekalb County Sheriff Department as a Special Deputy or Detention Officer. 

Therefore, I needed to be evaluated by the  U.S. Veteran Administration Hospital for post traumatic stress disorder.  Well, on 11/04/2024,  I was proven wrong.  Although, a Female Doctor  (Psychologist or Psychiatrist) evaluated me on that date.  Whereas, checking my vital signs, she stated that I had little alcohol in my body's system, roughly the Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) was 0.11%.    I told her that I did not drink alcohol.  Then, I thought, maybe it is the Listerine that I use in the morning,.  Listerine can have Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) of 26.9% .

According to the Lady Doctor after reviewing my situatio
n, she concluded that I did not meet the criteria to say that I suffering from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.

So, what are your thoughts?   Please make a comment via  voice mail or text message.

Call or text message us @ (404) 348- 8319

Please continue to stay safe and be blessed.




http://chenryadams.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default?alt=rss

C. HENRY ADAMS BLOGS syndicated content powered by FeedBurner.

Sphere: Related Content

Saturday, October 26, 2024

What WE don't understand WE try to discredit - WRONG, JUST VOTE RIGHT & THINK!



 by C. Henry Adams

 
Test:  Can you see the famous ladies in this picture?  No?  Don't judge, the Registrars. Just Vote.

One day in the Fall of 2024, I turned on the Digital Television and saw a Political Ad Commercial against Vice President Kamala Harris for President of the United States of America.   It was about President Harris & sex change operations in prisons.  It took me a while to come close to understanding why former President Donald Trump Campaign had a problem with Intersex People, but I knew it was a pettiness attack or from the

Merriam-Webster -

2. 
: to harass with petty irritations : annoy


My late Father & Mother have said, " don't judge or be judged. "

Today, I received an email from the U.S. State Dept. about
On Intersex Awareness Day.

So instead of being ignorant, I looked up
Intersex.

Come to found out that according to the United Nations, 
Intersex people are born with sex characteristics (such as sexual anatomy, reproductive organs, hormonal patterns and/or chromosomal patterns) that do not fit typical binary notions of male or female bodies. Experts estimate that up to 1.7 percent of the population are born with intersex traits.

Why potentially lose 1.7 million votes?   That sounds like insanity to me.

Merriam-Webster -

2.

law : unsoundness of mind or lack of the ability to understand that prevents someone from having the mental capacity required by law to enter into a particular relationship, status, or transaction or that releases someone from criminal or civil responsibility

Hey, I am just thinking too much, what do I know, Huh?  (LOL)

So, what are your thoughts?   Please make a comment via  voice mail or text message.

Call or text message us @ (404) 348- 8319

Please continue to stay safe and be blessed.




http://chenryadams.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default?alt=rss

C. HENRY ADAMS BLOGS syndicated content powered by FeedBurner.

Sphere: Related Content

Monday, October 14, 2024

We’re not going back!

 


by C. Henry Adams


The title of this particular blog ( ' We’re not going back! ' ) comes from the words use in a historic speech made in the United States of America in the year of 2024 around August the 22nd.  I remember the speech clearly, because I was actually watching the broadcast of the person who made it on a digital television.

(Note: The names of the Male & Female Candidates are withheld to pursue a fair election process within the United States of America.)

It was made by a lady who develop extra ordinary abilities in a country that was 248 years old that year. This place evolved many people who individually had extra ordinary abilities as well.  Based on the rules or laws of their lands or country, they all had the right to choose their leaders.

This integrity, called an ineligible right, starting at the age of 18 years old for people of all races, creeds, colors, national origins whether male or female of course, who were registered United States of America Citizens.

However, some people in this very powerful and blessed lands did not always used that power for one reason or another. Yet, the power to decide not to vote was very real too, with dire consequences.


The images above were taken in the parking lot of Big Bethel AME Church which was established in 1847 & located in Atlanta, Georgia USA.  This date was Saturday, September 14th 2024.

Individuals,  People  & Organizations supported the voter registration event in downtown Atlanta, Georgia. 

Rev. Bessie Donaldson, a Local Ordained Minister Emeritus of Big Bethel AME Church was interviewed by C. Henry Adams Blogs.

Since 2009, we have written over 360 blogs talking about life in the USA & business. In this election season, we would like to ask a few questions and report our findings.

C. Henry Adams Blogs:    On Saturday, September 14th 2024,  we were at the Voter Registration Drive in the parking lot of Big Bethel AME Church of Atlanta, Georgia.

Rev. Bessie Donaldson:    Having witnessed this historic event,  I recognized a huge bus or  RV from the Fulton County Georgia Government; someone said that people  ( Living in Fulton or Cobb Counties ) who wish to register to vote , check their registration status or learn more about voter registration machines could visit the vehicle.

C. Henry Adams Blogs:    Is this correct?

Rev. Bessie Donaldson:   Yes. There were several Voter Registrars on site, including myself, that made themselves available to register new comers requesting to register to vote in the upcoming election . The Official Registrars were also able to check voting statuses to make sure names had not been purged from the voters eligible list and to share information about the voting process, including explanation about voting machines. 

There were also handouts of approved days for voting.....early voting, mail in voting, and in person voting. 

October 25 is the deadline for requesting a mail-in voting app. 

October is the beginning of Early voting. 

The actual voting day is November 5 for the general election.  Information was shared with the guests about voting locations for early voting and regular voting.

C. Henry Adams Blogs:   We understand the first day of early voting in the historic Presidential Election is October 15, 2024?  What are other voting days?


Rev. Bessie Donaldson:  As mentioned above, October 15th is the Early Voting date. October 25th is the last day to request a mail-in ballot, and the actual general voting date is November 5th, the day after my 81's year on this earth. So you know I'm celebrating because my birthday present is that  the 1st African American Female President will be victoriously called to the podium to thank God's people for trusting in her capabilities. WE ARE NOT GOING BACK!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

 
Special thanks goes out to:

Betty Cox
Sheila Johnson
Martha Shockey
Keith Burnett
Volunteers
Church Members of Big Bethel AME Church
Georgia State University Students
Kingdom Connect
Indivisible, Inc
BBAMEC  Social Action Commission
Georgia Poor People's Commission
CenterWell
Fulton County Government Elections
Cobb County Government Elections
Omega Psi Phi Fraternity

So, what are your thoughts?   Please make a comment via  voice mail or text message.

Call or text message us @ (404) 348- 8319

Please continue to stay safe and be blessed.




http://chenryadams.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default?alt=rss

C. HENRY ADAMS BLOGS syndicated content powered by FeedBurner.

Sphere: Related Content

Sphere: Related Content

Friday, September 20, 2024

US Government Fiscal Year Ends Sept. 30th 2024

 


Image is from the US National Park Service of the US Capitol.


by C. Henry Adams


From October 1, 2023, the fiscal  budget year of 2024 started and it will end September 30th 2024.
According to the U. S. Senate Committee On The Budget, 

" The fiscal year is the accounting period of the federal government. It begins on October 1 and ends on September 30 of the next calendar year. Each fiscal year is identified by the calendar year in which it ends and commonly is referred to as “FY.” For example, FY2011 began October 1, 2010, and ends September 30, 2011."


Question:  When you hear on the media or news that Congress is about to shut down the US Government, should you panic?

Answer:    No.

There is no
federal budget timeline.

The US National Science Foundation gives an example of  how the  Federal Budgeting and Appropriations Process works: 

( https://new.nsf.gov/about/budget/process )

The phases of the federal budgeting and appropriations process

July–February: Executive branch process

Formation of the president's budget

The president's annual budget request is compiled by the White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for the upcoming Fiscal Year, which begins on October 1.

Starting in July of the previous calendar year, OMB gives guidance to federal agencies about levels of funding and priorities. Agencies work within those guidelines to structure a budget proposal. OMB makes final decisions about the agencies' proposed budgets.

Submission of the president's budget to Congress

The president submits a detailed budget request to Congress on or around the first Monday in February.


March–June: Legislative process

House and Senate budgets

The House and Senate develop their own budget resolutions to set spending levels, which often deviate from each other as well as from the president's request.

These resolutions are not signed into law.

Appropriations bills

The House and Senate appropriations committees, through their 12 subcommittees, hold hearings to examine the budget requests and needs of federal spending programs.

The House and Senate then produce their own appropriations bills to fund the federal government. These bills are "marked up" (amended as needed) and approved by the appropriations committees.

July–October: Congress finalizes spending levels

Floor consideration

After approval by the appropriations committees, the bills head to the House and Senate floors where they may be further amended and eventually passed.

Most times, the bills passed by House and Senate differ in some significant ways and must be reconciled.

Final passage

Once a final bill has been negotiated between the two chambers, it must then pass the House and Senate and be signed by the president.

If Congress cannot agree on new funding levels before Oct. 1, a continuing resolution is required.

So, what are your thoughts?   Please make a comment via  voice mail or text message.

Call or text message us @ (404) 348- 8319

Please continue to stay safe and be blessed.




http://chenryadams.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default?alt=rss

C. HENRY ADAMS BLOGS syndicated content powered by FeedBurner.

Sphere: Related Content



Sphere: Related Content

C HENRY BLOGS ARCHIVE

Enter your email address:

Delivered by FeedBurner